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脑动脉瘤 - Medical Animation

 

This animation may only be used in support of a single legal proceeding and for no other purpose. Read our License Agreement for details. To license this image for other purposes, click here.

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Item #ANH13099chis — Source #1

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脑动脉瘤 - Medical Animation
医疗动画文字记录:心脏通过颈部的血管向大脑泵血。这些血管被称为动脉,分支成更小的动脉,将血液输送到脑细胞。其中一些小动脉互相连接形成一个环,称为威利斯环。动脉壁含有特殊的肌肉层和弹性层,帮助血液流动。有时疾病、损伤或出生缺陷会导致威利斯环动脉壁薄弱。这些薄弱部位通常在动脉分支处形成。随着时间的推移,流经动脉的血液压力会进一步加重薄弱部位的压力。持续的血压会导致薄弱部位膨胀,形成凸起,叫做脑动脉瘤。最常见的一种脑动脉瘤是囊状或浆果状动脉瘤。随着时间的推移,动脉瘤可能会生长并压迫附近的脑组织或神经。血液也可能从动脉瘤中渗出。如果动脉瘤壁太薄,动脉瘤就会破裂,高压血液会流入大脑周围。血液压迫脑组织,可能会对脑细胞造成伤害。流出血液中的化学物质会刺激其他脑动脉,导致它们变窄。因此,大脑会肿胀,导致严重的脑损伤。脑动脉瘤破裂的常见症状包括突然严重的头痛,有时称为雷击性头痛;视力问题,如模糊或复视;恶心,呕吐;颈部僵硬或疼痛;或意识混乱。未破裂的脑动脉瘤可能不会引起症状,但未破裂的大动脉瘤可能会引起一只眼附近或后面的头痛和疼痛,复视或视力模糊,眼睑下垂,一侧脸麻木或无力。脑动脉瘤破裂是一种急症,如果出现症状,应立即就医。如果你发生了脑动脉瘤破裂,医生可能会建议外科夹闭术或血管内弹簧圈栓塞术。在外科夹闭术中,医生会在颅内动脉瘤附近开一个口,然后将一个小金属夹放在动脉瘤和动脉的连接处。血管夹可以阻止血液流入动脉瘤。在血管内弹簧圈栓塞术中,医生会把一根塑料导管插入腹股沟的大动脉。在实时X光透视下,医生会将导管穿过动脉,直到到达动脉瘤。通过导管,医生会在动脉瘤中插入一条或多条柔性导线。这些导线会缠绕起来,导致在动脉瘤内部形成血块,从而将动脉瘤与动脉的其他部分隔开。同样的,如果你有未破裂的脑动脉瘤,医生可能会建议外科夹闭术或血管内弹簧圈栓塞术。此外,如果你的动脉瘤很小,不引起疼痛或其他症状,医生可能会观察动脉瘤一段时间后再进行这些手术。

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