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精索静脉曲张修复 - Medical Animation

 

This animation may only be used in support of a single legal proceeding and for no other purpose. Read our License Agreement for details. To license this image for other purposes, click here.

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精索静脉曲张修复 - Medical Animation
医学动画文字记录:精索静脉曲张是一组肿胀的血管,该血管称为男性阴囊内静脉。男性生殖系统包括睾丸,它是在称为阴囊的皮肤袋内的两个腺体。睾丸通常会产生并储存称为精子的生殖细胞。它们还会产生一种称为睾酮的激素。睾酮对精子的产生、肌肉力量和性欲都很重要。阴囊在体外,使睾丸保持足够的低温以产生精子。每个睾丸由称为精索的结构悬浮在阴囊内。在每条精索内都有血管和输送精子的输精管。睾丸动脉是将大部分血液输送到睾丸的血管。大部分血液通过一组叫做蔓状丛的静脉离开睾丸。血液也可通过输精管旁的小静脉离开睾丸,这些静脉绕过了蔓状丛。血液从蔓状丛流入睾丸静脉。睾丸静脉内的一系列单向瓣膜阻止血液回流到睾丸。精索静脉曲张可能在睾丸静脉内的瓣膜受损或不能正常工作时开始形成。瓣膜可能不能完全关闭,从而使静脉内血液回流到睾丸。此外,由于左睾丸静脉比右睾丸静脉更直、更长,因此左睾丸静脉内的血压更大。另一个问题可能会发生,左睾丸静脉连接到来自肾脏的称为左肾静脉的更大静脉。肠动脉可能会挤压左肾静脉,导致血液回流到左睾丸静脉。这称为胡桃夹综合征。这些问题导致的结果是,当血液开始回流时,精索静脉曲张会在左侧蔓状丛中形成。血液淤积在这些静脉中使它们肿胀。根据精索静脉曲张封闭的严重程度,聚集的血液可能会升高睾丸周围的温度。较高的温度会使睾丸更难产生精子。这种情况可能会降低男性让女性怀孕的生育能力。随着时间的推移,精索静脉曲张封闭可能也会降低睾丸中的睾酮水平。低睾酮会导致精力和肌肉力量下降,以及性问题。精索静脉曲张封闭通常不会引起症状或需要治疗。然而,如果精索静脉曲张封闭引起疼痛、不适或生育问题,最常见的治疗方法是腹股沟或腹股沟下显微外科精索静脉曲张切除术。手术开始后,医生会在腹股沟下部做一个小切口用于腹股沟下静脉曲张切除术,稍高一点的切口用于腹股沟静脉曲张切除术。然后通过切口拉出精索。医生将打开精索的外部组织,将封闭曲张的精索静脉与其他组织分离。将小金属夹子放置在这些静脉上,然后将静脉切断。这些静脉被切断后,血液仍然可以通过输精管上的小静脉离开睾丸。这些静脉不太可能发生肿胀。医生通过皮肤切口将精索放回体内,并用缝合线和皮肤闭合带闭合切口,完成手术。其他可以修复精索静脉曲张的方法包括腹腔镜下精索静脉曲张封闭修复或经皮精索静脉曲张封闭栓塞。

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We are very pleased with a verdict exceeding $297,000.00, far in excess of the $20,000.00 initially offered by the defendant. The medical demonstrative evidence provided by Medical Legal Art was an asset we could not have afforded to have been without."

Todd J. Kenyon
Attorney at Law
Minneapolis, MN

"Whether it's demonstrating a rotator cuff tear, neck movement a few milliseconds after rear impact, or a proposed lumbar fusion, the Doe Report represents an instant on-line database of medical illustration for health-care and legal professionals.

Illustrations can be purchased 'as is' or modified within hours and sent either electronically or mounted on posterboard. An illustration is worth a thousand words, as juries perk up and look intently to capture concepts that are otherwise too abstract. Start with good illustrations, a clear and direct voice, a view of the jury as 12 medical students on day one of training, and your expert testimony becomes a pleasure, even on cross examination. An experienced trial lawyer should also emphasize these illustrations at the end of trial, as a means of visually reinforcing key concepts covered.

As a treating physician, I also use these accurate illustrations to educate my own patients about their medical conditions. The Doe Report is an invaluable resource, and its authors at MLA have always been a pleasure to work with."

Richard E. Seroussi M.D., M.Sc.
Diplomate, American Boards of Electrodiagnostic Medicine and PM&R
Seattle Spine & Rehabilitation Medicine
www.seattlespine.info

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Kenneth J. Allen
Kenneth Allen & Associates
Valparaiso, IN

"We got a defense verdict yesterday! Your exhibit was extremely helpful in showing the jury how unlikely it is to damage all four of the nerve branches which control the sense of taste."

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Silverman Bernheim & Vogel, P.C.
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